How does Lipsyte use the setting as another character in the first two chapters in the novel?

A character isn't necessarily a person in the story, but something or someone that has an effect on the overall outcome and events that are happening. With the setting Lipsyte chose, the readers get details about where the story takes place and have the ability to feel like they are transported into and are a part of the story. If the setting were not as clearly described or were a different setting, the whole story would be different. The setting in which the characters are placed determines who they are and what influences they have around them. For example, the setting Lipsyte chose surrounds his characters with the harsh realities of life that they have to face, as well as cruelty from their peers. Also, the setting shows the possibilities of the future. The drug addicts on the street, desperate for more and more drugs to numb themselves. The large gangs, full of guys ready to jump anyone that gets in their way. These are seemingly the most of what anyone growing up where they are growing up can become. The easy way out of their life, and most common when the kids grow up, is to ignore life with the help of drugs, or face it with anger and a crew full of guys who know what you're going through. Either one will get you through life, but won't really get you anywhere. The gym that is presented in the setting represents an alternate future, another way out that could actually lead to doing something productive with one's life and eventually getting out of the city they are in. This could also lead to success and higher wages you would make simply by working at a grocery store or dealing drugs.